2.1. Materials and Reagents

Malaysia 1 jackfruit was obtained from the Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (Wanning, Hainan, China). The fruit at the fully ripe stage (14−16 weeks) was selected, and the pulp samples were collected, frozen, and stored at −20 °C for subsequent studies.

Pepsin (from porcine gastric mucosa, ≥500 U/mg), pancreatin (from porcine pancreas), bile salts (porcine bile extract), DPPH (1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), and ABTS (2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) were from Sigma-Aldrich, Co., Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Gallic acid was from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co.,Ltd. (Beijing, China). All solvents and chemicals utilized were of LC-MS quality or analytical grade (>98%).