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2.4. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)

BA Bartosz Bogusz Adamczak
ZK Zofia Kuźnik
SM Szymon Makles
AW Andrzej Wasilewski
AK Aureliusz Andrzej Kosendiak
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The FTND is a tool commonly employed to assess the level of nicotine addiction. It consists of six questions pertaining to smoking-related behaviors. The questions with binary (yes/no) responses were scored on a scale ranging from 0 to 1, while multiple-choice questions were scored from 0 to 3. The resulting score determines the degree of nicotine dependence, with a prescribed categorization: 0–3 points indicating low dependence, 4–6 points indicating moderate dependence, and 7–10 points indicating high dependence [23].

The FTND has been recognized as a valid and reliable method for measuring nicotine dependence in the Polish population [24,25].

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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