Study design and participants

Our study planned by randomized, double-blind and prospective study was conducted between May 2022 and May 2023. The approval for the research was granted by the Institutional Ethics Committee (decision nº: 66, 2022, Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital Ethics Committee). Written and spoken informed consent was obtained from all patients. Eighty patients aged 18–50 years, to be undergone septorhinoplasty under general anesthesia, were included in our study, after having been obtained the approval of the local ethics committee and informed consent form from the patients. Patients aged 18–50 who will undergo elective septorhinoplasty operations. Pregnant, known allergy to any of the study drugs, significant cardiac or renal pathology, regular sedative drug intake, atrioventricular block, myasthenia gravis, uncooperative (due to dementia, mental retardation, etc.), drug or alcohol addiction, and patients who did not want to participate in the study were excluded (Fig. 1).

Recruitment and flow of patients.