Data analysis

We used content analysis to identify themes and categories related to barriers and facilitators to clinicians’ willingness to counsel patients/their families or contact law enforcement about ERPOs among those who expressed hesitancy or requested additional resources to do so [15]. Two coders (KMC, SP) read through 30 responses for each of the three clinician types and collaboratively developed an initial codebook. To ensure reliability of code application, the two coders double-coded an additional 30 responses for each clinician type and met to identify discrepancies, which were resolved through discussion until consensus was reached. Once the codebook had been refined, the coders divided the remaining responses and coded them using Dedoose analysis software [16]. The coders met regularly to debrief and discuss unclear participant responses. Once coding of all responses was complete, the research team met to develop themes and interpret patterns.