This study utilized an analytical cross-sectional study design. Plasma samples were sourced from plasma units discarded by the Blood Bank Division of the University of the Philippines–Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) due to storage limitations, while biobanked serum samples were retrieved from the Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman (SJREB-2019-37; UPMREB 2021-0569-01) from February to October 2021.
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