Smartphone Addiction Scale for College Students (SAS-C)

SAS-C, compiled by Su, Pan et al. (2014 Chinese version) contains 22 questions (e.g., "I feel the need to spend more time on my phones to be satisfied") with six dimensions of highlighting behavior, social comfort, withdrawal behavior, app updates, app use and negative influence [56]. A 5-point scale is used (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). A previous study has shown that this scale has good reliability and validity among Chinese college students [56]. The higher score means the higher level of problematic smartphone use. The Cronbach’s α in this study is 0.91.