4.1. MPTP Model of PD

Twelve 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (weighting 20–22 g) were obtained from Dae Han Bio-Link Co. (Daejeon, Republic of Korea). They were divided into two groups of six mice each: CTL and MPTP group. The CTL group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.9% saline (100 μL), whereas the MPTP group was intraperitoneally injected with MPTP-HCI (20 mg/kg, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) in 0.9% saline solution (100 μL) once a day for 4 weeks to develop a chronic PD model. The day after the last MPTP injection, both groups of mice were anesthetized using Alfaxan (JUROX, Braeside, Australia) and perfused with cold 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer to perform Western blotting. The Sangji University Animal Experimentation Committee approved all the animal protocols used in this study (#2021-9).