The included studies were subjected to systematic analysis, and the relevant information was summarized in a predefined data extraction sheet. This data extraction sheet includes general information such as the title, author, journal, date of publication, country, study type, study objective, study setting, source of data, diagnostic assessment tool, definition of the disease used, and the time frame of the study. Additionally, the characteristics of the study participants, such as the number of participants, gender, and age, were analysed. Regarding our primary outcome, the total costs, as well as the different types of costs, were collected along with the corresponding currency. As reported costs related to different years, currencies and countries, all cost information was converted to US$ for the year 2022 using the CCEMG - EPPI-Centre Cost Converter [14].
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