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2.1. Study Design and Population

MS Mahiro Sato
KW Kyi Mar Wai
KI Ken Itoh
YY Yichi Yang
YU Yuka Uchikawa
YI Yukihiko Ito
SN Shigeyuki Nakaji
KI Kazushige Ihara
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This study was a cross-sectional study using data from the Iwaki Health Promotion Project (IHPP). The IHPP is an annual health survey that has been conducted since 2005 in the Iwaki district of Hirosaki City, Aomori Prefecture, aiming to improve the life expectancy ranking in Aomori Prefecture [34].

In 2019, a total of 1073 participants (>19 years) were enrolled in the IHPP, and this study utilized the data of the 2019 IHPP. Eight participants who were absent for health check-ups were excluded. One participant with missing data on blood trace elements and telomere length was also excluded. A total of 1064 subjects were included in the final analysis.

The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University (Approval No: 2019-009). Written informed consent was obtained from all the study participants.

Copyright and License information:  ©2023 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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