4.4.1. DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay

DPPH, a stable radical that has a dark purple color and can absorb UV radiation of up to 518 nm in wavelength, was used. When antioxidants are present, DPPH takes an electron, stabilizing the radical. After that, the solution is decolored, and the absorbance at the maximum wavelength of 518 nm decreases [37]. By measuring the decrease in absorbance and comparing the IC₅₀ with that of recognized antioxidants, such as tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), the antioxidant capabilities can be determined. The absorbance was measured using a UV spectrophotometer (HP 8452, UV-VIS, Bothell, WA, USA) [35]. The following calculation was used to calculate the antioxidants’ ability to scavenge the radical as a percentage of inhibition: