2.5. Measurements

Blood samples were drawn pre-resuscitation (T = 0) and at sacrifice (T = 5). Blood gas analyses (RAPIDPoint 500, Siemens, Munich, Germany) and total blood counts (cell Coulter AC•T diff2 Hematology analyzer, Beckmann, Germany) were undertaken. After collection, blood was centrifuged twice (2000× g, 15 min, acceleration 9, brake 0, 18 °C; 5804 R, Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany), aliquoted, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80 °C until further evaluation. Using commercially available ELISA kits, levels of syndecan-1 (Elabscience, Houston, TX, USA), thrombomodulin (TM) (Lifespan Biosciences, Inc., Linwood, DC, USA), von Willebrand factor (vWF) (Elabscience, Houston, TX, USA), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (Elabscience, Houston, TX, USA), IL-6 (R&D, Minneapolis, MI, USA), and TNF-a (R&D, Minneapolis, MI, USA) were determined according to manufacturer guidelines. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), albumin, and creatinine were measured by the Amsterdam UMC, AMC Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry (LAKC) by standard enzymatic reactions using spectrophotometric, colorimetric, or turbidimetric measurement methods.