The “original tea beverage” was placed into 96-well-plates at 180 μL/well (N = 3). SARS-CoV-2 suspension was added to the plate at 105 TCID50/20 μL/well (vol:vol = 9:1). Thus, virus was treated with a final concentration of × 9/10 (90%) of the original tea beverage. After incubation for 10 s, the virus/tea mixtures were serially diluted tenfold with MS. Chilled on ice, 50 μL of each sample was added to the VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells that had been seeded into 96-well-plates at 5 × 104/100 μL/well a day before (N = 4). Cells were incubated for 1 h, followed by replacement of the supernatant by fresh 100 μL MS (DMEM supplemented with 0.5% FBS). After culture for 3 days, cytopathic effect (CPE) (cell death caused by Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2) was observed under a phase contrast microscope33.
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