Participants

This is a secondary analysis of data from a study examining cognitive function in FM.^38–40 Fifty participants were recruited out of the University of Michigan from existing patient registries, health centers, and community settings and through the use of a university-based study participant recruitment website (www.UMHealthresearch.org). Inclusion criteria were being ≥18 years of age and fluent in the English language at the 6th-grade level. Participants with FM had to fulfill the 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) FM survey criteria.⁴¹ Exclusion criteria were: (1) having a comorbid neurological disorder, cognitive impairment, or a learning disorder; (2) prolonged history of substance dependence (5 years or more) or current substance dependence (eg, alcohol or recreational drug dependence); (3) impairment of vision or hearing that would impede cognitive testing; (4) diagnosis of untreated obstructive sleep apnea; and (5) abnormal sleep/wake patterns (eg, working night shifts).