2.3. sEVP isolation from serum

Mouse blood was collected and allowed to clot for 2 h at 25°C. The blood samples were then centrifuged for 20 min at 2000 × g to obtain the serum. The samples were further centrifuged at 2500 × g for 10 min at 4°C and the supernatants were then subjected to another round of centrifugation at 10,000 × g for 1 h at 4°C to remove apoptotic bodies and microvesicles. The resulting supernatants were passed through a 0.22‐μm filter before sEVPs were collected through ultracentrifugation at 100,000 × g for 2 h at 4°C. The sEVPs were then washed using FPBS and subjected to another round of ultracentrifugation at 100,000 × g for 1 h at 4°C. It is important to note that, as above, further sorting of the isolated sEVPs using density gradient or size exclusion chromatography was not performed to maintain the yield for mass spectrometry analysis.