Participants

The participants for this study were recruited from students and workers at the Universidad Europea de Madrid (Spain), who were included in the study if they fulfilled the following criteria: (1) adults aged 18–65 years and (2) diagnosis of TTH for more than 6 months, confirmed by their neurologist, using the criteria of the International Headache Society classification of headaches (ICHD-3). The most significant finding was increased tenderness in pericraneal muscles such as masseter, temporal, and upper trapezius.

Inclusion criterion for controls was the absence of headache. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) the presence of pathologies that prevent the performance of physical activity; (2) pregnancy; (3) concomitant severe respiratory, cardiovascular, or neurological disease; and (4) previous whiplash injury or neck fracture. Participants with TTH were matched with their controls by age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).