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TT Tu Thanh Tran
TP Thuy Thi Bich Phung
DT Dien Minh Tran
HB Huyen Thi Bui
PN Phuc Thanh Thi Nguyen
TV Tam Thi Vu
NN Nga Thi Phuong Ngo
MN Mai Thi Nguyen
AN Anh Hoa Nguyen
AN Anh Thi Van Nguyen
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Nasal-spraying probiotics LiveSpo Navax (LiveSpo Pharma, Hanoi, Vietnam) was formulated as a 0.9% NaCl physiological saline suspension containing Bacillus subtilis ANA4 (accession no. MT123906.1 in NCBI) and B. clausii ANA39 (accession no. MT275656.1 in NCBI) spores at ≥ 5 × 109 CFU/ 5 mL26. The product was manufactured as a Class-A medical device product (No: 210001337/PCBA-HN) under ISO 13,485:2016 standard. Taste and smell were indistinguishable between LiveSpo Navax and 0.9% NaCl physiological saline (B.Braun, Germany). Because of the opaque plastic container, the color and turbidity of LiveSpo Navax suspension is unrecognizable.

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