Population

We will review studies studying adults ≥ 18 years diagnosed with CAD (angiographically or clinically symptomatic CAD, irrespective of a history of myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft [CABG], and percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]). Studies in which more than half of the participants had other non-coronary cardiac comorbidities such as valvular disease, heart failure, or arrhythmia will be excluded unless CAD patients can be extracted. Studies in which IMT is performed combined with revascularization after patient enrollment, e.g., IMT shortly before or after PCI/CABG during the same hospitalization, will be excluded because the effects of IMT and revascularization cannot be evaluated separately.