The participants were purposively selected based on specific inclusion criteria, including being Thai, aged between 18 and 35 years, and having a gestational age ranging from 12 to 34 weeks without high risks. Initially, nurses working in the clinics identified potential participants by reviewing the maternal and child health records. Subsequently, the researcher approached these individuals in person to ensure they met the inclusion criteria. The eligible women were provided with a clear explanation of the research. Data saturation, the point at which no new information or themes emerge from the interviews, was achieved after conducting interviews with 17 participants (Lincoln & Guba, 1985).
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