2.4. Definition of interventional bronchology and SEMS complications

Chest X-ray was arranged after the days of procedure to evaluate if any complication occurred after procedure. Iatrogenic pneumonia due to procedure was defined as new onset of pulmonary infiltration from chest X-ray and also accompanied with symptoms such as fever, cough, increased mucous production or dyspnea after procedure. All possible complications related to SEMS placement were confirmed with bronchoscopic examination. According to patients’ records, complications included stent migration, granulation tissue formation, stent fracture, and pneumothorax. SEMS fracture was defined as physical breakage.