Real-Time RT-PCR, Western Blot, and ELISA

Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed using corresponding primers (Supplementary Table S1) and a TaqMan 5700 Sequence Detection System (Applied Biosystems) as described [15].

Western blots were performed as described using primary antibodies specific for S100B (Abcam, Cat# ab41548), full-length RAGE (FL-RAGE, Abcam, Cat# ab3611), HMGB1 (Abcam, Cat# ab79823), S100A9 (Prospec, Cat# pro-814-b), and GAPDH (Cell Signaling, Cat# 2118 s) [15, 24].

ELISA for human HMGB1 (cat: ABIN414391), S100B (cat: ABIN4115069), and S100A9 (cat: ABIN414828) were purchased from Antibodies-online and performed according to manufacturer instructions.