2.10. Statistical Analysis

The collected data were articulated as the mean value ± standard error of the mean. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) independent-samples Tukey’s range test was conducted for data analysis, facilitated by the software GraphPad Prism 8.0 (San Diego, CA, USA). Statistical significance was attributed to a p-value of less than 0.05. To indicate levels of significance, asterisks were employed, with a single asterisk (*) signifying a p-value of less than 0.05, two asterisks (**) denoting a p-value of less than 0.01, three asterisks (***) denoting a p-value of less than 0.001, and four asterisks (***) denoting a p-value of less than 0.0001.