Total protein was extracted from cultured cells and analyzed as previously described [22]. Briefly, the whole cell lysates were prepared in RIPA buffer containing 1× protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche, Indianapolis, IN), 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 10 mM β-glycerophosphate and 10 mM NaF. The concentration of total protein was quantified by using Pierce™ BCA Protein Assay Kit (#23250, Thermo, USA). A total of 30 µg of protein extracts were loaded to 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore, USA). After blocking with 5% dried skimmed milk for 1 h at room temperature, the membrane was incubated with the primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C and then with HRP conjugated secondary antibodies (Promega, USA) for 1 h at room temperature, Protein bands were detected using enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) detection reagent (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) on a FluorChem M system (Protein Simple, USA).
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