Muscle Strength

To assess the knee flexor and extensor muscle strength of the participants, the Hoggan microFET2 (Hoggan Scientific, LLC, Salt Lake City UT, USA) was utilized. During the evaluation process, the researcher provided detailed information regarding the device and the assessment methodology to ensure comprehension on the part of the participant. Subsequently, participants were instructed to execute a 5 s maximum contraction toward the sensor component of the device, with resistance applied in the opposing direction to elicit isometric contraction without any joint movement. Throughout the measurement, the participant was verbally cued to sustain contraction, so as not to experience any reduction in the force of contraction. Following the 5 s interval, the evaluation concluded with the command to "relax". Muscle strength measurements were conducted individually for each extremity, with three measurements performed for each muscle group and the best value recorded in kg. To permit adequate rest for the relevant muscle group, a 30 s interval was provided between each measurement [18].