The fluorescence quantum yield was obtained on a Pico Quant FT300 using an integrated sphere. The quartz cuvette (1 cm × 1 cm × 5 cm) containing the sample solution was positioned in the “IN mode” with 20-degree tiling, where the 423 nm excitation laser was directly transmitted through the cuvette. For the measurement of low quantum yield values, an emission attenuator (attenuation level at 100) was applied for less than 445 nm, which was counted in the quantum yield calculation.
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