The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), which has 15 questions about the quality of life in many ways, such as hopelessness, helplessness, etc., was used to measure the level of mental health or depression [22]. Out of a possible 15 scores, 0 to 4 indicated no depression, 5–8 indicated mild depression, 9–11 indicated moderate depression, and 12–15 indicated severe depression [23].
Based on a previous study [24], physical characteristics like mobility limitations and activities of daily living (ADL) were looked at.
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