2.1. Patients and Ethical Statement

This was a single-center, retrospective study. From May 2019 to December 2021, 255 patients with encephalitis at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University were included in the present study. Inclusion criteria: (1) Age, 3–12 years old; (2) Being diagnosed as encephalitis; (3) Having epilepsy in the acute stage of encephalitis; (4) Follow-up for at least 1 year after discharge. Exclusion criteria: (1) Complicated with malignant tumor, chronic infectious diseases (HIV, HCV, HBV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, etc.), heart disease, and autoimmune disease; (2) Severe liver and kidney dysfunction; (3) Past history of epilepsy; (4) Loss of connection or death during follow-up; (5) Incomplete clinical data; (6) Unsigned informed consent. In addition, this study was reviewed and approved by the local hospital ethics committee.