5. Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS)

Beck et al. (2004) defined two sub-dimensions of cognitive insight, namely “self-reflectiveness” and “self-certainty,” and developed an insight scale to assess them [8]. In a previous study determining the reliability and validity of its Turkish version, researchers obtained Cronbach’s alpha of 0.56 and 0.50 for self-reflectiveness and self-certainty dimensions, respectively, in internal consistency measures [37]. In this study, Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.668 and 0.695 for self-reflectiveness and self-certainty, respectively. The items were rated by the participants on a four-point scale (“do not agree” to “agree completely”). While a high self-certainty subscale score indicates poorer cognitive insight, the self-reflectiveness subscale scores indicate the opposite. The composite index was calculated by subtracting self-certainty scores from self-reflectiveness, which reflected the patients’ cognitive insight adjusted for self-certainty.