2.2.3. Effects of GIP-085, cisplatin and GIP-085/cisplatin co-treatments on emesis in shrews

Shrews (n = 48) were habituated to the experimental conditions as described above. The animals were pre-treated with GIP-085 (300 nmol/kg, IP) or vehicle 1 h prior to cisplatin (30 mg/kg, IP) or saline injection. Animals were video-recorded (Vixia HF-R62, Canon) for 180 min. After 180 min, the animals were returned to their cages. Emetic episodes were analyzed by an observer blinded to treatment groups. Emetic episodes were characterized by strong rhythmic abdominal contractions associated with either oral expulsion from the gastrointestinal tract (i.e. vomiting) or without the passage of materials (i.e. retching). Latency to the first emetic episode, total number of emetic episodes, number of emetic episodes per minute and per 20-minute intervals were quantified.