We described periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) as the presence of periventricular cysts upon cranial ultrasonographic or magnetic resonance imaging; severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was diagnosed according to the International Classification of ROP (29), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was defined as ventilation or oxygen dependency at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age or at discharge/transfer/death if before 36 weeks (30).
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