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EM Elizabeth Masiakwala
LN Lukhanyo H. Nyati
SN Shane A. Norris
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Birth size categories were classified as small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) using INTERGROWTH-21 standards [26]. Length-for-age (HAZ) was computed using 2006 WHO child growth standards for children from birth to five years. Stunting was defined as HAZ <-2 [27]. Conditional relative weight and conditional length) were obtained as standardised residuals by regressing previous length and weight on weight and length 12 and 24 months [28]. Conditional relative weight is the weight at current age accounting for current height and previous weight, while conditional length does not account for current weight [28]. For example, conditional relative weight at 24 months was obtained by regressing weight at birth and 12 months, and length at 12 and 24 months on weight at 24 months. Comparison by nutritional status (e.g., stunting vs. non-stunting) was assessed using the independent t-tests.

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