Pulp cell migration

Pulp cells (2.5 × 10⁵ cells/well) were seeded in technical triplicate in 6-well culture plates (Prolab, Brazil) in supplemented DMEM medium (Gibco). Cultures were maintained until the formation of a confluent monolayer. Next, an artificial wound was reproduced on well surfaces with a plastic micropipette tip. The remaining cells were washed three times, and HDPs and MTA Repair HP extracts were added to cultures with supplemented DMEM with 50 U mL⁻¹ penicillin (Gibco) and 50 μg mL⁻¹ streptomycin (Gibco). Cultures were incubated and monitored for up to 48 h. Microscopy photographs were taken at 0 h, 24 h, and 48 h for analysis with Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Cells that migrated into the wound were counted, and results were expressed as percentages compared to control⁷⁹.The test was performed in three individual replicates, conducted on different days.