ELISA

For detecting cytokines in tissues, PBS was added to wash gut tissues twice, followed by liquid nitrogen grinding till no granule could be observed. Later, samples were lysed with NP-40 lysate (1 ml, Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) for a 30-min period on ice, followed by collection of supernatant protein liquid. Cell experiments were conducted to measure cytokine contents within the medium. To be specific, the isolated medium was stored under -80^° C, samples obtained were later subjected to 20-min centrifugation for detection in line with ELISA kit (Jiancheng Institute of Biology, Nanjing, China) protocols, and calculated by standard curve approach, with results being displayed in ng/ml.