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Determination of lower critical solution temperature (LCST)
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LCSTs of PNIPAM and CNH were determined using a temperature-controlled UV/VIS optical spectrophotometer. Both polymers were prepared in distilled water to have 5% w/v solutions. The absorbance was then taken every two minutes at wavelength of 470 nm from 20 °C to 40 °C after equilibrated at each test temperature. From the temperature-absorbance curve, the temperature at which absorbance was half of the maximum value was determined as the LCST of each polymer.
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