Questionnaire translation

The French adaptation of the BMRQ was obtained by forward and backward translation. Each item in the original English version of the questionnaire was independently translated by two groups two of bilingual (French and English) researchers—in Montreal, Canada and in Lyon, France—whose first language was French. Both groups also had knowledge of the subject matter. The groups were purposely chosen in different geographic areas in order to account for the regional differences in spoken French and hence create an internationally comprehensible French translation. The Spanish questionnaire was used as a reference for disambiguating some wordings. The emphasis was placed on the translation of meaning rather than a literal one. A consensus between the two translator groups was obtained to produce the final French version of the questionnaire. Finally, a third bilingual researcher (French and Spanish) conducted a back translation into Spanish. This researcher was not involved in the initial translation process. This last step ensured the meaning of the adapted French version was concordant with the meaning of the original Spanish questionnaire. The comparison between the source items and the French translation is shown in Appendix S1. The content of the French translation of the BMRQ is reproduced in Appendix S2, along with the complete set of instructions, thus allowing readers for a direct use of this questionnaire tool.