2.2. PA, SCNT and IVC

PA and SCNT procedures were performed according to our previous study [38]. After completing PA and SCNT, approximately 50 activated or reconstructed embryos were transferred to 500 μL porcine IVC medium with mineral oil and continuously cultured in 4-well plates at 38.5 °C, 5% CO₂ and saturated humidity without changing the medium for 7 days. The day on which the activated or reconstructed embryos were transferred to the IVC medium was denoted as day 0. In this experiment, the percentages of 2-cell and 4-cell embryos, formed blastocysts and hatched blastocysts to the total number of embryos observed on day 2, day 6 and day 7 were counted as cleavage rate, blastocyst formation rate, and hatching rate, respectively.

MA was added to the IVC medium at a final concentration of 1 μM, 2 μM or 5 μM.