Gene enrichment analysis by Enrichr

For the list of differentially expressed genes (with an adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05) that were found during GEO2R analysis, gene enrichment analysis was performed using Enrichr maayanlab.cloud/Enrichr/^57,58. Enrichr examines these genes using databases such as the KEGG¹¹⁰, Wiki, and Reactome pathway databases, as well as the DisGeNet database and the Gene Ontology (GO) database for biological processes, to determine which enriched pathways, biological processes, and diseases do they belong. Enrichr uses the combined score to identify pathways and cell types. Multiplying the Z-score of the deviation from the expected rank by the log of p-value from Fisher's exact test, the combined score is calculated⁵⁸. The results are presented as a bar graph containing pathways, biological processes, and diseases based on the combined score. Cell type analysis was performed for all datasets using the Azimuth database.