Outcomes

Health care utilization in hospital resources, outpatient services, and associated payments were the primary outcomes of interest. We evaluated hospital stays solely due to UTIs by restricting the data to those whose primary diagnosis was UTI. The number of occurrences and the hospital length of stay were also evaluated. The number of outpatient services (including all services provided in an outpatient facility, such as clinic visits, medical labs, and imaging) was totaled. Payments encompassed all sources (insurance, copay, co-insurance) and were adjusted to 2018 US dollars using the medical component of the Consumer Price Index, accessible through the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Outcomes were studied during the first 2 years following injury discharge.