Animal experiments

All animal experiments were performed according to the protocols approved by the Northwestern University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, protocol IS00009472. CD45.1, CD45.2 C57BL/6 and IL-15Ra knock-out (KO) mice were obtained from Jackson Laboratory. As previously described, male and female 6–8 weeks old mice were used for intracranial glioma implantation.17 In 7 days after tumor implantation, animals received an intratumoral (i.t.) injection of saline, non-transduced (NT) or 1×10⁶ CAR T cells. All animals were then randomly assigned to housing cages, separated by gender, and monitored for survival.