The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) were measured using a LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system (LI-COR, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA). The photosynthetic rate (Pn) response curves to PFD were determined according to outdoor temperature and CO2 atmospheric concentration using a coniferous leaf chamber at 30 °C and 380 μmol·mol−1 CO2 to obtain the light-saturation point (LSP) and light-compensation point (LCP). PFDs were fixed in a sequence of: 1,800; 1,500; 1,200; 1,000; 800; 400; 200; 100; 50; and 0 μmol·m−2·s−1.
Photorespiration (Pr) was calculated with the following formula:
where PnO21 is the photosynthetic rate measured at 21% O2 +350 μmol·mol−1CO2, and PnO22 is the photosynthetic rate measured at 2% O2 +350 μmol·mol−1CO2.
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