Within- and between-task correlations

We assessed the reliability/internal consistency of a task score through within-task correlations and the convergent/discriminant validity through between-task correlations. Here, internal consistency indicates how strongly different scores of a given task are related to each other and whether they represent the same (core) construct [8], quantifying within-occasion reliability. If scores are measuring a single construct, they should lead to more homogenous results and therefore higher internal consistency; conversely, the scores might be measuring more than one construct [8]. Additionally, variables thought to reflect similar constructs would be expected to be rather closely correlated to each other, indicating convergent validity; in contrast, measures reflecting unrelated constructs should not correlate with each other, revealing discriminant validity [10]. In other words, construct validity is supported when correlations between different task scores are high for the same (or a similar) trait but low for different traits. We computed Spearman rank correlation coefficients between task scores across individuals, including all Studies. Only scores related to RT, slope of RT and ANT-specific measures were considered for this analysis–we did not included accuracy- or variability-related measures in this analysis because of the lack of test-retest availability described in the section 3.2.; however, slopes of RT were included in this analysis because of its relevance for evaluating performance over time. P-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons by the False Discovery Rate (FDR) at the level of each score.