All quantitative data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical analysis was performed using either Student’s t-test (two-group comparison) or ANOVA (more than two groups), followed by a post hoc comparison. Multiple comparisons between groups were made by Tukey–Kramer test. The level of significance is indicated by asterisks: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
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