2.6. Considered Covariates

We collected data on sociodemographic factors (age, sex, education level, marital status and BMI), lifestyle factors (tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, physical exercise and being sedentary), and physical health-related factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, urarthritis, asthma, kidney disease, cancer, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, depressive disorder).

Based on the residents’ height and weight, the body mass index (BMI, kg/m²) was computed using the formula = weight (kg)/height² (m²). Based on the reference standard of the Chinese body mass index, the residents’ BMI was divided into four categories: underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5–23.9), overweight (24–27.9), and obese (>28). Smoking was defined as consuming one cigarette or more every day for a minimum of six months. The definition of alcohol consumption was three drinks a week or more for a minimum of six months. The information about types and durations of participants’ weekly physical activities was collected in detail. Exercise was defined as performing physical activity (lasting at least 10 min) per week [31]. The existing hospital diagnostic that was in place served as the basis for the diagnosis of non-communicable chronic diseases.