Study population

Participants were selected randomly from eligible women who utilized the URB primary health care center, located in Araihazar Upazila, Bangladesh between June 2021 –January 2022. Random selection was achieved by asking every other eligible patient to participate in the study. Women aged between 30 and 65 years, with no history of prior abnormal cervical cancer screening or treatment/procedures on their cervix and with no history of cervical cancer were eligible to participate. Women with a history of any cancer, with a history of chronic kidney or liver disease, and those who were critically ill were ineligible to participate. Pregnant women were also excluded from participating. A total of 200 women were invited to participate; 164 women enrolled in the study resulting in an 82% participation rate. After initial eligibility was established based on age, women were invited to a private area to continue the rest of the eligibility screening. Once eligibility was confirmed, women were consented into the study.