Phase 4: Workshop With NHS AI Lab National Imaging Platform Team

A workshop was conducted with the NHS AI Lab national AI imaging platform team members who were conducting the discovery phase [13]. The workshop aims were to (1) establish top areas of interest from the perspective of the discovery team, (2) explore why these areas are important to the team, and (3) stimulate the discovery teams’ interest in applying the lessons learned from other countries.

The workshop was facilitated by one principal researcher (KK) with one supporting researcher (EP). The workshop lasted 90 minutes, and audio recordings and detailed notes were taken. Participants (n=5) used the web-based Padlet and Jamboard (Google) post-it and “like” functionalities. If required, the researchers noted the participants’ points on their behalf. The workshop audio was transcribed and analyzed.

An overview of the initiatives (n=6) from phase 2 and phase 3 was provided to the attendees using Jamboard. The countries were treated as individual case studies rather than grouped together because of the large degree of heterogeneity between the countries.

A total of 8 themes from the deductive framework were used to guide the workshop: purpose; users; organizational; commercialization; data; incentives; building trust; and law, policy, and regulation. Quotes from the semistructured interviews with stakeholders (phase 3) from each initiative were mapped to the 8 themes for discussion at the workshop.

The nominal group technique was used to identify priority quotes and insights [14]. Participants were asked to vote on the quotes that resonated or were of interest to them using Padlet’s “like” functionality. Each participant had 6 votes per initiative. Voting indicated the discovery team’s priorities and fueled discussions.

The outputs of the deep dives, interviews, and workshop were synthesized thematically into 8 categories with 17 subcategories. The analysis was inspired by a user-centered design insight format [15], which states the context and background, explains the learning, explains the root cause (the why), and explains the motivation behind why the learning has occurred and the ramifications for the NHS AI Lab’s proposed national medical AI imaging initiative.