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Examination

YN Yu-Ning Niu
HH Hai-Long He
XC Xuan-Yu Chen
SL Sai-Guang Ling
ZD Zhou Dong
YX Ying Xiong
YQ Yue Qi
ZJ Zi-Bing Jin
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Demographic and clinical characteristics, including age and gender, were extracted from online medical records. All patients underwent routine ophthalmologic examinations, including assessments of visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Fundus photography, captured using Topcon or Canon equipment, was conducted to encompass the macular and optic nerve head areas. Refraction measurements, including cycloplegic and subjective refraction, were obtained, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was determined. Axial length (AL) measurements were taken using the IOL Master, A-mode ultrasonography, or LenStar devices. The spherical equivalent (SE) was calculated using the formula SE = spherical degrees + (cylindrical degrees/2). Fundus photographs were classified on the basis of the META-PM system (C2) by two experienced ophthalmologists (YNN and HLH), with any discrepancies resolved by a third experienced ophthalmologist (YQ).

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