Antibodies

Commercial antibodies were used to form sandwich immune complexes on the working electrode of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). For Escherichia coli (E. coli) detection, E. coli serotype O/K polyclonal antibody (Thermo Fisher Scientific, PA1-7213) was used as the capture antibody (Ab^c), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-coupled E. coli serotype O/K polyclonal antibody (Thermo Fisher Scientific, PA1-73030) was used as the detection antibody (Ab^d). For Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) detection, K. pneumoniae Rb pAb antibody (Abcam, ab21117) was used as Ab^c, and HRP-coupled K. pneumoniae antibody (Invitrogen, PA1-73176) was used as Ab^d. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) detection, Pseudomonas antibody (Invitrogen, MA1-83430) was used as Ab^c, and HRP-coupled Pseudomonas antibody (Invitrogen, PA1-73118) was used as Ab^d. For Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) detection, N. gonorrhoeae antibody (Invitrogen, MA1-10716) was used as Ab^c, and HRP-coupled Neisseria gonorrhoeae antibody (Invitrogen, PA1-73144) was used as Ab^d. For Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) detection, S. aureus Ms mAb antibody (Abcam, ab37644) was used as Ab^c, and HRP-coupled S aureus Rb pAb antibody (Abcam, ab156662) was used as Ab^d. For methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) detection, Anti-Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus antibody [AC10](Abcam, Ab69237) was used as Ab^c, and HRP-coupled MRSA antibody (Abcam, ab62742) was used as Ab^d. For Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) detection, S. pneumoniae antibody (Invitrogen, MA1-83478) was used as Ab^c, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) coupled S. pneumoniae antibody (Invitrogen, PA1-73012) was used as Ab^d.