Cell cultures and treatments

Breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, MDA‐MB‐468) and HEK293T cell lines were obtained from the Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. These cell lines were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM: Gibco) media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS: Hyclone). All cells were cultured at 37°C in a 5% CO₂ incubator, and the experiments were conducted using cultures that achieved a confluence of 70%–80%. The breast cancer cell lines were infected with lentivirus carrying NAT10 shRNA or the NAT10‐coding sequences in six‐well plates, following the manufacturer's instructions. The medium was replaced with the complete medium on the following day. Stably infected cells were selected by incubation with puromycin for 2 weeks. The efficiency of NAT10 knockdown or overexpression was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting.