2.6. Waning vaccine effectiveness

We then employed the model to examine the impact of waning vaccine effectiveness on the extinction probability, relative cases, and relative deaths. To achieve this, we conducted simulations using the fixed vaccine effectiveness at specific time points following vaccination: 1, 2, and 3 months after full-dose vaccination, as well as one month after receiving a booster dose. The values of the vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron variant employed in the study are summarized in Table S4.