To evaluate the “no-reflow” area, 4% fluorescent dye thioflavin S (1mL/kg, Sigma-Aldrich) saline solution was injected into the heart through the carotid artery instantly after the heart was excised. Then the hearts were frozen in the −80°C fridge and sectioned at 1.2-mm intervals. Normal areas fluoresced under ultraviolet light, whereas the microvascular obstruction area remained dark. Photos were digitally imaged and analyzed using the computer-based image analyzer Image J software.
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