3. Scratch wound assay

VSMCs derived from the pig’s common carotid artery were used by scratch wound assay. VSMCs were seeded in 6-well plates in DMEM and serum-starved for 24 hours and then were scratched with a 200-µL pipette tip. Cells were simultaneously treated with PDGF-BB (20 ng/mL) and GA (100 µM) for 24 and 48 hours. VSMCs were visualized under a light microscope and images were captured. Image-Pro Plus software version 6.2 (Media Cybernetics, Bethesda, MD, USA) was used for quantification.